Population Education : Necessity in Teacher Edu- Cation Curriculum

Education is perhaps, the greatest instrument in the advancement of a country and betterment of society. It is not only a means of all-round development of human personality, but it has also been recognized as one of the most powerful instrument of national building. Education has a dynamic role to play by including right values, beliefs and attitudes in children, who are the future citizens. Population education is not a sophisticated name for family planning. It is not sex education either. It expect the students to be sensitive to the problem of population explosion and how it affects the happiness and well being of their future. Regional Seminar on Population and Family Life Education UNESCO, Bangkok 1907 : “It is an educational programme which provides for a study of population situation in family, community nation and the world, with the purpose of developing in the students rational and responsible attitude and behaviour towards that situation” Population Reference Bureau, Washington (1971) : “Population Education is an attempt to create a deep, universal action guiding perception of the consequences of demographic change. It seeks to bring about a realization of the individual, family, social and environmental effects of the excessive increase in human population, the rapid shift in the construction and distribution of people, the implications of changing age and other demographic patterns and the conceivable options that may be open to mankind to cope with the consequent problems. While it is confined exclusively to a particular group, it is focused primarily on students, who will become the principal child bearers within one or two decades. Dr. Gopal Rao, “Population education may be defined as an educational programme which provides for a study of the population phenomenon so as to enable the student to take rational decisions towards any problem arising out of rapid population growth.” Aims and Objectives of Population Education Aims and objectives are the prime necessities in every type of educational policy. Unless the objectives are specific and practical, no definite programme of education can be laid down. Population education necessities spell out objectives for its teaching. Dr. Simmons Observes : “Population education holds promise not only as means of diffusing information about population problems more pervasively in a given country that can be done by the channels ordinarily available to family planning programme but as a means for bringing about the desired changes in attitude, behaviours and values in the next generation. Dr. Sloan R. Wayland has given the following list of possible goals of population education be the individuals own personal behaviour pattern and attitude (A) Acceptance of small family norm. 12 MAH MUL/ 03051/2012 ISSN: 2319 9318 Oct. TO Dec. 2014 Issue-08, Vol-06 056 TM : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Referred Journal (B) Understanding that the size of family can be controlled. (C) Acceptance of marriage of a mature age as a desirable pattern. (D) Appreciation of the advantage of planning, including health and economic gains from spacing and limitation in total number of children and the health, education and other opportunities for the children that may be more adequately provided in the small family. Necessity of Population Education Due to great potential of education in alleviating, the problems arising from increasing population, many countries of world have launched population education programme at different levels of education in both formal and non formal sectors during the past, decades. Education in population dynamics is quite necessary for a all rounded system of education to prepare young people for adult role in future. As social institutions the existence to school is justified so far as they satisfy social requirements. The children of today are future citizens of the country. Hence, they must be aware of all the hazards of life they may have to face in future. The values of a small family and the hazards of large family are the two options before us. In this regard the educational programme can help to develop right attitudes among the vast population. Concept and Meaning of Curriculum Etymologically the term “Curriculum” is derived from the Latin word “Currere” which means “run”. Thus curriculum means a course to be run for reaching a certain goals. In recent years the term curriculum has come to mean all the planned activities and experiences which are available to students under the direction of school. In the words of Kerney and Cook “It is a complex of more or less planned or controlled conditions under which students learn to behave and to behave in various ways. In it, new behaviour may be acquired, present behaviour may be modified, maintained and eliminated and desirable behaviour may become persistant and viable. It is sum total of good learning experiences that the students have in order to achieve the goals of education which determine the direction of these experiences. Aims and Objectives of Curriculum Following are the brief points regarding objectives of curriculum v To draw out, cultivate, excite and inspire the full development of each individual. v To create an atmosphere in which students will learn to think critically and constructively and seek truth and solve problems. v To help students in establishing values through intimate acquaintance with the humanities, the arts, the natural sciences, the social sciences and religion. v To meet the needs not only of more students, but of students with a wide range of ability, aptitude and interests. v To develop the character of students, integrity, honesty, judgement, co-operation, friendliness and goodwill. v To prepare humans for citizenship in a democratic society. Needs and Importance of Curriculum in Population Education : According to Cunningham “Curriculum is a tool in the hand of the artist (teacher) to mould his material (pupils) according to his ideals in his studio (school). The curriculum of population education includes the learner’s experiences in or outside the school that are included in a programme which has been derived to help him develop mentally, physically, emotionally and morally. Thus curriculum and population education are inseparable. The unprecedented growth of number is one of the powerful challenges of the secMAH MUL/ 03051/2012 ISSN: 2319 9318 Oct. TO Dec. 2014 Issue-08, Vol-06 057 TM : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Referred Journal ond half of the present century. Children and youth of today should understand the impact of population on the life of mankind should be able to act wisely and rationally by deciding about their reproductive behaviour. Educationist all over the world and economic reformers of all the countries agree on the issue of including population education in the curriculum of educational institution at all levels specially in teacher training institutions. Integration of Population Education in Teacher Education Curriculum Teacher not only serve the cause of education, but also lend a helping hand to all nation building activities. Many teachers are real “Opinion-leaders” in their villages and command much respect. In their informal chat that with the people in the community, they can stress the concept of small family norms. In the words of Dr. Chandrasekhar “the teachers are the backbone of this educational movement and the success of this innovation will depend largely on the ability of these pioneers to put across the concept of small family norms to the young intelligently and effectively. This means that the teachers themselves must learn a great deal about the dynamics of population problem and what is equally important, must master technique of importing such information in an attractive and compelling manner. When population education seem tojbe compulsory requirement for school children, then their teachers should we acquainted with the knowledge of population education. So integration of population education curriculum with teacher training programme like B.Ed., M.Ed. and B.T.C. is necessary because teacher trainee of primary and secondary schools get the knowledge regarding population including sex education for self as well as they also work as leader of the rural society. They can also guide the young generation of the society and solve their psychological problems. In all teacher-training institutes good lesson-plans on population education should be prepared. Beside this seminars, workshops as well as refresher courses should be-conducted. Difficulties in Integration of Population Education in Teacher Education Curriculum : Integration of population education in teacher education curriculum has to confront of following difficulties 1. Relative Narrowness of the Concept of Population Education: Population education is relatively new area of study. It has not yet reached a stage of sufficient clarification of related concepts and ideas. This is not a special feature of population education alone. All educational innovations have to overcome these difficulties. After generalizing the difficulties of population education one will have to find remedies in the light of experiences. 2. Traditional Conservatism of the Educational Professional: Conservative and orthodox teachers and administrators block the progress and development of population education programme. Though all the teachers and administrators are not conservative by nature. If they are convinced of the horrible consequences especially socio-cultural and economic consequences of population growth as they affect their lives, they will favour the inclusion of population education in the programme. Therefore, administrator and teachers should be involved and oriented to the concept and need for population education for coming generation. 3. Lack of Trained Professional: Lack of trained professional is another problem in curriculum construction of population education. Population education is relatively new area of education. Short term training can be organized for these professionals regarding MAH MUL/ 03051/2012 ISSN: 2319 9318 Oct. TO Dec. 2014 Issue-08, Vol-06 058 TM : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Referred Journal population education. According to Dr. Veland four to six month training is sufficient for these professionals. Our problem about lack of trained personnel is temporary” which shall disappear gradually. 4. Multidisciplinary Nature of Population Education : Due to multidisciplinary nature, its concept draws its content from a number of disciplines like economics, demography, sociology, health science, social science, medical science etc. This makes curriculum development a joint effort on the part of educational administrators, teachers, parents and experts in the field of education. All these persons should work together to construct and arrange an effective curriculum. Conclusion All the teachers should be trained but there should not be and also can not be a specific training of teachers. In past the training of teachers was born out of the necessity to bring up a literate generanation. Today, the need is to bring out a sophisticated and cultured generation. The school of today lay emphasis on an integrated and balanced personality of the teacher as a whole man. Therefore, the prospective teacher must be offered opportunities to associate with the best minds and to develop a disciplined intellect as well as quality of appreciation of culture in its various forms. He will have an emotional life developed to a fine sensitivity but held in strict control. The teacher of tomorrow would decide a teaching situation conductive to the growth of pupils mental health. It would develop in them a commitment to a set of values. It would develop certain skills and competencies. The teacher requires a new type of knowledge and attitude, atmosphere and facility to make histask easy, faithful and confirming for the de-mands of the students. This education, there-fore should be according to the necessities ofthe time and needs of the society. REFERENCESGupta, P.K. (2003). Population Edu-cation. U.P., Meerut, R. Lall Book Depot.Malaiya, K.C. & Population Edu-cation. U.P., Agra, VinodSharma, Rama (2003). Pustak Mandir.Ranganadhanands, S. (2001).Role and Responsibility of Teachers in Build-ing up Modern India. Mumbai, Bharatiya VidyaBhawan.Rao, D.B. (2001). Global Educa-tional Studies, New Delhi, Discovery Publish-ing House.Shukla, C.S. (2007). Science teaching. U.P., Meerut, Loyal Book Depot.Wolf, A. (2002). Does Education matter?Myth about education and economicgrowth, London Penguin. Lal Raman Behan (2014) Develop-ment of Indian Education and Its Problems,R.Lall Book Depot. Robnson, T.K. (1976) Education Tech-nology and Curriculum, Scottish Edu. Deptt.In Speetorate Bulleton, 49, NCTE Curriculum Framework forTeacher Education, New Delhi, (1996).NCERT, Fifth Survey of Educational Re-search 1988-1992, New Delhi : NCERT, 1997. Pachori Gerish (2013)Essentials ofEducational Technology and Management,R.Lall Book Depot. Sanchar Educational & Research foun-dation Lucknow (October 2011-March 2012)Sanchar Bulletin Lucknow. Samay Aagam Research Journal, 2013(winter). MAH MUL/ 03051/2012ISSN: 2319 9318Oct. TO Dec. 2014Issue-08, Vol-06 059TM : Interdisciplinary Multilingual Referred JournalAn Approach To Identify Issues Affecting ERP Implemen-tation In Indian SMEs Mrs. Preeti Venugopal Sarda, Asst. Professor,M. C. Gupta College of Business Manag.Hyderabad ABSTRACTCompanies implement ERP systems toCompanies implement ERP systems to integrate the business processes of a com-pany, and help organizations obtain a com-petitive advantage. Enterprise Resource Plan-ning (ERP) is one of the solutions for the Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in order toface the global challenges. This paper attemptsto explore and identify issues affecting Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) implementationin context to Indian Small and Medium Enter-prises (SMEs) and challenges in front of SMEs. This paper attempts to highlight those spe-cific issues where a different factors needs tobe addressed while implementing the ERP system in this the four issues are proved to becrucial for SMEs such as proper system imple-mentation, clearly defined scope of implemen-tation procedure, proper project planning andminimal customization of the system selectedfor implementation.